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In an incandescent light bulb a small coil of thin tungsten metal - which is not such a good conductor of electricity as copper - resists the flow of current so much that it heats up. The thickness of the tungsten is carefully designed so that it gets hot enough to give out visible light but does not get so hot that it melts and breaks.

Another answer

Inside the bulb is a wire that goes to a piece of coiled tungsten (a heavy metallic element). This causes maximum resistance to the electricity flowing through the wire. The resistance causes the tungsten to heat up to 4,500 degrees F, so much that we see the glow as light. The glass bulb surrounding it contains an inert gas, protecting the filament from oxygen which would cause it to burn out immediately and also prevents contact with the white hot metal.

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