Very important question ! One that's usually ignored.
When we talk about the motion of anything that's 'tied' to the earth, like a car, an airplane, a boat,
a rock, a person, etc. ... anything that's motionless on the ground until you push it ... we normally measure
its speed relative to the ground, i.e. relative to a point on the surface of the earth.
That's why the whole notion of an object's speed suddenly becomes very murky when we start talking about
spacecraft and astronomical objects. In each of those cases, it's important to define the reference point,
which is something that not too many people are accustomed to doing.
The seated passenger in a moving car is at rest relative to the car's interior.
Relative to the car, you are at rest. Relative to the road, you are moving if the car is in motion. Relative to the sun, you are moving with the Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun.
The passenger in the rear seat of a car moving at a steady speed is at rest relative to the car itself. This is because the passenger is moving with the same velocity as the car, so they appear to be at rest relative to each other.
One example of a relative motion practice problem is: Two cars are traveling in the same direction on a highway. Car A is moving at 60 mph and car B is moving at 70 mph. If car A is 100 miles ahead of car B, how long will it take for car B to catch up to car A? Solving this problem involves understanding relative motion and applying the concept of distance, time, and speed.
The best that can be said is that you are moving relative to the Earth's surface.
The seated passenger in a moving car is at rest relative to the car's interior.
Relative to the car, you are at rest. Relative to the road, you are moving if the car is in motion. Relative to the sun, you are moving with the Earth's rotation and orbit around the sun.
Relative to the car you are motionless. Relative to the road you are moving at the speed of the car. Relative to the sun you are moving at the speed of Earth as it orbits the sun (30km a second).
The passenger in the rear seat of a car moving at a steady speed is at rest relative to the car itself. This is because the passenger is moving with the same velocity as the car, so they appear to be at rest relative to each other.
When your car is traveling at a constant speed of 55 mph, your body inside the car is also moving at 55 mph relative to the car. This is because you are moving along with the car, experiencing the same speed as the vehicle you are in.
One example of a relative motion practice problem is: Two cars are traveling in the same direction on a highway. Car A is moving at 60 mph and car B is moving at 70 mph. If car A is 100 miles ahead of car B, how long will it take for car B to catch up to car A? Solving this problem involves understanding relative motion and applying the concept of distance, time, and speed.
The amount of damage relates to the relative motion of the two cars. So, if the cars are moving in opposite directions when they collide, the relative motion and the resulting damage is greater; if they are moving in the same direction, then the relative motion and the resulting damage is less. A motionless car is intermediate between a car moving in the same direction and a car moving in an opposite direction.
The best that can be said is that you are moving relative to the Earth's surface.
All motion is relative. The question "is this object moving?" is in fact meaningless unless we specify "moving relative to what other object". Similarly, there is no such thing as "absolute rest": it's just as true to say that the road is moving at 50 km/h relative to your car as it is to say that your car is moving at 50 km/h relative to the road.
One example of a relative velocity practice problem is: Two cars are traveling in the same direction on a highway. Car A is moving at 60 mph and car B is moving at 70 mph. If car A is 100 meters behind car B, how long will it take for car A to catch up to car B? Another example is: A boat is moving downstream in a river at a speed of 5 m/s. If the river is flowing at a speed of 2 m/s, what is the boat's speed relative to the riverbank? Solving these types of problems can help improve your understanding of relative velocity concepts.
You can be at rest and moving at the same time in a rotating reference frame. For example, if you are sitting in a car that is moving at a constant speed on a circular track, you are at rest relative to the car but moving in a circle relative to an observer on the ground.
the seat