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They enter the last stage of the Aerobic Respiration called the Electron Transport Chain (ETC).

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What 2 coenzymes contain all the energy at the end of Krebs cycle?

NADH and FADH2 are two coenzymes that carry most of the energy produced during the Krebs cycle. These coenzymes will then go on to the electron transport chain to donate their electrons and contribute to ATP production.


Where does nadh and fadh go after it leaves the Krebs cycle?

NADH and FADH₂ produced in the Krebs cycle go on to the electron transport chain (ETC) in the mitochondria. They deliver their electrons to the ETC, where the energy is used to create a proton gradient used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.


Why 3 ATP are produced from one NADH but only 2 ATP from one FADH 2?

So for a real answer... The electron transport chain basically pumps out protons across the mitochondrial membrane from the matrix into the inter-membrane space, building a proton gradient. When these protons try to flow back in, they run through the ATPase and generate ATP. We can visualize this process as a chain, where electrons move through components of the chain and eject protons as they go from structure to structure. We generally think of the beginning of this chain as the place where NADH is oxidized and gives up its electrons. However, FADH2 enters from an area which can be thought of as further down the chain. So if we think of the electron transport chain as having three steps, with each step generating one ATP, then NADH starts at step one, but FADH enters the chain later at step two. So FADH will only eject enough protons for two ATP, while NADH ejects enough for three. That's a simple way of looking at it, at least.


Why do the nadh created in glycolysis produces less ATP in the etc that the nadh produced in the Krebs cycle?

The NADH produced in glycolysis enters the electron transport chain (ETC) at a lower energy level compared to the NADH produced in the Krebs cycle. This difference in energy level leads to a smaller proton gradient and ultimately results in the production of less ATP when the NADH from glycolysis is used in the ETC.


What happens after glycolysis if oxygen is available?

If oxygen is available, the pyruvate produced during glycolysis enters the mitochondria and undergoes aerobic respiration. In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle to generate more ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. This process enables the efficient extraction of energy from glucose molecules.


How many ATP molecules are needed to split glucose into two?

This is only half of the picture! In glycolysis only two ATP's are produced because when glucose is converted to Glucose 6-phosphate, hexokinase requires ATP (first step). On the third step of glycolysis when fructose 6-phosphate gets converted by phosphofructokinase(PFK) into fructo 1,6-biphosphate it als requires ATP. As of now you have used 2 ATP molecules. after the splitting into glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate you start producing ATP when you convert 1,3-biphosphoglycerate into 3- phosphoglycerate, for a total of 2 ATP ( because you have two molecules of 1,3 biphophoglycerate). You also gain 2 more ATP's on the final step converting phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate (because you have 2 molecules of Phosphenolpyruvate) In summation, you use 2 molecule but you gain 4 molecules which means thay you ultimately have 2 ATP at the end of glycolysis.(2-4=2) but if you keep looking glycolysis produces 2 NADH (for the electron transport chain) and 2 pyruvate molecules for Krebs cycle. The transition step makes 2 NADH when converting pyruvate into Acetyl-Coenzyme A. Also, it produces 2 NADH from the conversion of D-isocitrate into alpha- ketogluterate and again from alpha-ketogluterate into succinyl-Coenzyme A. and finally when convertin Malate into Ox aloacetate. for a total of 6 NADH Also 2 GTP's are produced by the conversion of succinyl-Coenzyme A into succinate. finally, you also produce 2 FADH molecules. Now all the FADH and NADH go to the ETC This is where the brunt of the energy is made. Each FADH molecule produces 2 ATP and each NADH produces 3 ATP... this added witht the glycolysis ATP equals 36 ATP produced by a single molecule of Glucose. (10NADH(3ATP) +2 FADH(2ATP)+ 2 ATP)


WHAT DOES THE KREB CYCLE PRODUCES?

NADH and FADH2. This is the wrong and incomplete answer, so please do bother changing it. If you agree, go argue with my professor.


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How is food used by the body?

Food is broken down to the molecular level, so its nutrients can be distributed through the blood stream, and so glucose in the food can be converted to glycogen for storage purposes. To get energy from the food, glucose undergoes a process called cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down in glycolysis to release ATP, NADH, and FADH2. ATP is energy that is ready to be used. NADH and FADH2 go through the Krebs cycle, where some of the energy the carry is converted into ATP. The remaining NADH and FADH2 are transported to the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). In the ETC, oxygen that is inhaled accepts the electrons that they carry and they are converted into ATP. There is still a large amount of energy that is unused, and this energy is released as heat and light to keep your body temperature stable.


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