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What are some examples of non-spontaneous processes that occur in everyday life?
Some examples of non-spontaneous processes that occur in everyday life include charging a phone battery, boiling water on a stove, and photosynthesis in plants. These processes require an input of energy to occur.
Why does the entropy of the universe increase for spontaneous processes?
The entropy of the universe increases for spontaneous processes because the second law of thermodynamics states that in any spontaneous process, the overall entropy of a closed system will always increase over time. This is because the natural tendency of systems is to move towards a state of higher disorder and randomness, leading to an increase in entropy.
What processes do not depend on spontaneous radioactive decay?
The energy production of the sun.The energy production in nuclear reactors.
Is the first law of thermodynamics applicable to irreversible process also.. Explain?
yes since it is law of energy balance so irrespective of the process it can be applied to any process but small change comes when we deal with reversible and irreversible processes. it can be explained in text form : please give attention to the text; CHANGE IN TOTAL ENERGY( it is sum of change in macroscopic kinetic energy and change in macroscopic potential energy and change in internal energy,U) = HEAT TAKEN BY THE SYSTEM {actually heat taken by the medium which we use often an ideal gas}(sum of heat given to the system from outside+ heat generated with in the system ) + WORK DONE BY THE MEDIUM OR SYSTEM {again it includes all kind of works such as expansion work shaft work electrical work etc. also when the process is IRREVERSIBLE it includes internal work which is consumed to overcome the friction} for reversible processes there is no dissipation of internal heat and internal work in that case we consider that the piston cylinder which we use to explain first law is frictionless . and also since they have a characteristic property of INFINITE SLOWNESS the reversible process can be considered at equilibrium at each state. For irreversible processes the heat is generally generates with in the system because we do not use the friction less piston cylinder arrangement.
What is The spontaneous decay of an atom is called?
Nuclear decay.Different types of nuclear decay include:Alpha Decay, where the nucleus ejects a charged particle made of protons and neutrons.Beta Decay, where a neutron turns into a proton, a Beta particle (an electron or positron) and a neutrino.Gamma radiation can also be emitted in these processes.
Does all irreversible reactions are spontaneous?
No, not all irreversible reactions are spontaneous - for example, cooking an egg. Once it's cooked, there's no going back to the raw egg stage. But it takes a lot of heat to get to that stage, so it is not spontaneous. If you find an old egg laid by a hen, it will not have a hardboiled texture!
Does clausious inequality satisfy only for spontaneous process?
Clausius inequality is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics that applies to all thermodynamic processes, not just spontaneous ones. It states that for any reversible process, the change in entropy (ΔS) is equal to the heat transfer (Q) divided by the temperature (T), while for irreversible processes, ΔS is greater than Q/T. Therefore, it provides a criterion for the direction of spontaneous processes but is applicable to both spontaneous and non-spontaneous processes.
What has the author G D C Kuiken written?
G. D. C. Kuiken has written: 'Thermodynamics of irreversible processes with applications to diffusion and rheology' -- subject(s): Diffusion, Irreversible processes, Rheology 'Thermodynamics of irreversible processes' -- subject(s): Diffusion, Irreversible processes, Rheology
Does the entropy of the surroundings increase for spontaneous processes?
Yes, the entropy of the surroundings increases for spontaneous processes.
Are all spontaneous processes exothermic?
No, not all spontaneous processes are exothermic. Spontaneous processes can be exothermic (release heat), endothermic (absorb heat), or not involve a change in heat at all. The spontaneity of a process is determined by a combination of factors such as entropy, enthalpy, and temperature.
What is the difference between non spontaneously and spontaneously?
Non-spontaneous processes require intervention or energy input to occur, while spontaneous processes occur on their own without needing external help. Spontaneous processes tend to move towards equilibrium, while non-spontaneous processes move away from equilibrium.
What has the author T Markovic written?
T. Markovic has written: 'Irreversible thermodynamics of corrosion processes' -- subject(s): Corrosion and anti-corrosives, Irreversible processes, Thermodynamics
What is the reaction in a fuel cell spontaneous and non spontaneous?
Spontaneous ...Happens all by itself; typically unpredictableNon-spontaneous...You have to do something to make it happen.
Is irreversible changes the same as incomplete burning?
No, they are different processes.
Can entropy decrease during a process?
in general entropy will not decrease in a spontaneous process since spontaneous process are all irreversible ones. entropy can be reversed only through an reversible process by an ideal engine but it is impossible to create such an engine by violating second law of thermodynamics. hence entropy cannot be decreased practically
Is it true that non spontaneous process never happens in universe?
non spontaneous process happen in the universe but energy has to be provided to them . the free energy change of such processes are positive . the amount of temperature has to be increased to carry out such reactions
Is making an orange juice an irreversible change?
In a way yes and in a way no. For the individual orange, squishing it to juice is irreversible. However oranges are the result of biological processes and the biological cycles will reproduce a new orange.
