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Driving down out of the mountains, riding to a lower floor in an elevator, flying into a destination on decent all cause the pressure in your ear to change such that you feel a popping sensation. What makes this happen necessitates a quick anatomy lesson. The ear canal is a closed tube at one end (at the eardrum). The eardrum is the lateral (outside) wall of the middle ear cavity (which houses the middle ear bones). The Eustachian tube runs from the middle ear cavity (actually the anterior wall) to the lateral wall of the nasopharynx (back of the nose toward the throat). The function of the Eustachian tube is two-fold: to open and close in order to aerate the middle ear space (so no fluid builds up) and to drain the middle ear (mucus discharge). Four muscles control the movement of the Eustachian tube that are innervated by the vagus nerve and the mandibular nerve. Normally the Eustachian tube is closed but it will open periodically as previously stated. If the Eustachian tube is disordered by infection or otherwise (such as patent during which case it does not close), then fluid will build up and cause conductive hearing loss (like trying to hear when you are under water).

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Which change would cause a freely moving piston to lower?

Increasing the pressure inside the piston cylinder would cause the piston to lower since the higher pressure pushes down on the piston.


Increasing or decreasing amounts of it might cause a change of state?

Changing the amount of pressure can cause a change of state, such as a solid turning into a liquid or a liquid turning into a gas. This is due to the effect of pressure on the arrangement of particles in a substance, affecting the forces between them.


What change to the system would cause a freely moving piston to lower?

Reducing the pressure or increasing the volume of the system would cause a freely moving piston to lower. This change would decrease the force acting on the piston, allowing it to move downward due to the pressure difference.


Can a pressure change cause a phase change?

Yes, a pressure change can cause a phase change. For example, increasing pressure can lead to a solid-to-liquid phase change, as in the case of ice melting into water under high pressure. Conversely, decreasing pressure can result in a gas-to-liquid phase change, like when carbon dioxide transitions from gas to solid in a process known as deposition under low pressure.


Why do your ears pop when you are going down a hill?

When you go down a hill, the change in altitude can cause a difference in air pressure between the inside of your ear and the outside environment. This pressure difference can cause the Eustachian tube in your ear to open and close rapidly, equalizing the pressure and causing the popping sensation.

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