Oak, maple, hickory, ash, red gum (eucalyptus) and (believe it or not) balsa are hardwoods.
Pine, spruce, fir, larch, and cypress are softwoods
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Cherry, apple, pear and other fruit trees, also other deducious trees (trees that lose their leaves in winter) like oak.
Put simply, softwoods come from coniferous trees and hardwoods from trees with leaves (deciduous trees). However, there are a number of borderline cases ...