When he is still pretending to be a beggar, he describes his clothing as set out twenty years ago to fine detail.
Odysseus
Penelope's final test for Odysseus is to ask him to move their bed, which Odysseus built himself and knows cannot be moved because it is constructed from an olive tree trunk that is part of the structure of their home. Odysseus passes the test by revealing this secret detail, allowing Penelope to finally recognize him as her husband.
Because, he has to prove to her that he is indeed Odysseus.
Odysseus convinces Penelope that he is her husband by revealing the secret detail of their bed, that he alone knows. This detail is that their bed was constructed by Odysseus himself and cannot be moved as one of its legs is made from a living olive tree. This intimate knowledge proves to Penelope that it is indeed her husband Odysseus returned to her.
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Penelope
Penelope believes that Odysseus is dead and will not return to Ithaca after the Trojan War. She is surrounded by suitors who are pressuring her to choose one of them as her new husband.
Penelope asks Odysseus if he will arrange to have his bed moved out of their bedroom while she gets used to him being home. Odysseus replies that this is impossible because the bed is built around a tree which grows within and forms a fundamental part of the structure of the palace and so to move it would be impossible. Only Odysseus would have known this and so he passes Penelope's test.
Although Eurycleia is considered Odysseus' mistress, she tells Penelope that her husband is home from Troy
Penelope was suspicious of Odysseus because she wanted to make sure he was truly her husband returned home and not an imposter trying to deceive her. She devised a test using their marriage bed to see if Odysseus would pass her test and prove his identity.
Penelope's husband was Odysseus. She was the daughter of Icarius and Periboea. Her son was Telemachus.
Penelope reprimands him for treating the stranger to the castle roughly. At this time she does not know that the stranger is Odysseus, her husband.