What does Philomel becometh dumb means?

Answer 1

Philomel is the term for nightingale (a songbird) and "dumb" is the old form for saying someone is mute, won't speak. The line is basically reminding us that in winter the Songbirds are all quiet because they are protecting themselves from the cold. This is in response to Marlowe's "Passionate Shepherd to His Love" and the "melodious birds sing madrigals" which plays on far more spring-like imagery.

Answer 2

This phrase is typically used to describe someone who is rendered speechless or unable to speak due to a traumatic or shocking event. It originates from the Greek myth of Philomela, who was transformed into a nightingale and lost her ability to speak after a traumatic experience.