Zionism was (and is) the movement to establish and preserve a Jewish homeland. It's first and primary champion, Theodor Herzl, explained quite well that the European concept of a nation-state was dependent on the idea that all of the people in any particular nation were of the same ethnic stock and heritage. Jews were branded by this system to be "the Other" and were regarded at best as possible equals and at worse as traitors, spies, thieves, and fifth columns. When the Dreyfus Affair turned out marches in Paris that said "Death to the Jews" on account of a kangaroo court against a particular guiltless Jew, it became clear that the Jew could not be integrated into Europe because of the presence of clear Anti-Semitism. The Holocaust served as the strongest proof that the Jew and the European Nation-State were irreconcilable. As a result, the Jews would need a place where they could live in freedom and without fear of Anti-Semitism. Since Israel has come into existence it has accepted Jewish political refugees from over 50 nations and flown missions at its own expense to rescue Jews from at least 10 nations.
Gershon Nerel has written: 'Anti-Zionism in the \\' -- subject(s): Christian Zionism, Antisemitism, Christianity, History
The phrase "Zionism in Europe" does not mean anything different than the individual words "Zionism", "in", and "Europe" mean when put in sequence. There is no distinctly European form of Zionism, even though Zionism really developed in Europe, the concept was understood relatively uniformly in almost every country where it was discussed regardless of whether the Jewish community embraced it or rejected it.
It was, above all, misguided religious zeal during the Crusades that encouraged antisemitism.
i Think it was Zionism.
Olexiy Kartunov has written: 'Yellow-blue anti-semitism' -- subject(s): Antisemitism, Ethnic relations, Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), Jewish question, Jews, Persecutions, Zionism
Claus Nordbruch has written: 'Machtfaktor Zionismus' -- subject(s): Zionism, Arab-Israeli conflict, Foreign relations 'Judenfragen' -- subject(s): Jews, History, Antisemitism, Public opinion, Identity
Roman Mnich has written: 'Ivan Franko im Kontext mit Theodor Herzl und Martin Buber' -- subject(s): Zionism, Jews, Antisemitism, Views on Judaism, Ethnic relations, History
This should be self-evident. The Logic goes thus: Anti-Semites oppose any Jewish aspiration to freedom and/or power. Zionism promotes Self-Determination for the Jewish people which is an aspiration to freedom and power. Therefore, Anti-Semites oppose Zionism. Additionally, many people who are Anti-Semitic see Jews as running some sort of international cabal to strip power from everyone else. Equipped with a country, who knows what further havoc Jews could cause.
That depends on whether it's religious or secular Zionism. Religious Zionism is found in the Tanach (Jewish Bible). Theodor Herzl is considered the father of modern political Zionism.
The usual disintinction is between (traditional) religious antisemitism and racial antisemitism. The latter arose after religious toleration was accepted in most European countries and religious antisemitism lost much of its force. Racial antisemitism arose from about 1870 onwards and operates with conspiracy theories.
Some Orthodox Jews did not approve of the modern nation of Israel, because it was created by humans via the United Nations. It was not directly created by God. Most Jews have no problem with the modern nation of Israel, and those Orthodox Jews are in the minority as far as most Jews are concerned.
Theodore Herzl is considered the father of Zionism.