This political system is known as absolutism. Sometimes absolutist governments can turn into dictatorships.
The political system in which one person or a small group holds absolute power is known as an autocracy. In an autocracy, the ruler has unchecked authority and can make decisions without consent from other governing bodies or the populace. Examples include monarchies, dictatorships, and oligarchies, where governance is often characterized by limited political freedoms and centralized control over various aspects of life.
Monarch i believe
The term "limited autocracy" describes an autocracy that is not all-powerful. In such a system, the ruler maintains significant control but may face constraints from other institutions, social forces, or legal frameworks that limit their authority. This contrasts with absolute autocracy, where the ruler wields unchecked power.
Because most countries have arranged their political institutions according to the system originally devised by Montesquieu, the so-called "Trias Politica". It was devised to prevent any ruler or group of rulers to grab absolute power in a country. In that system, power is divided over three institutions that keep each other in check so that no single institution can rule the country unchecked. These government powers are: the executive branch, the judicial branch and the legislative branch. So it is the political system that safguards us from dictatorship, at least in theory.
When a king or queen rules a government, the system is called a monarchy. In a monarchy, the monarch typically holds significant power and authority, which can be absolute or constitutional, depending on the specific structure of the government. Absolute monarchies grant the ruler unchecked power, while constitutional monarchies have legal frameworks that limit the monarch's authority and often involve a parliamentary system.
This could be described as "tyranny" or by "absolute dictatorship." A modern example would be Kim Jong-un, ruler of North Korea.
The absolute first ruler of Rome was Romulus
The King of Saudi Arabia today is an absolute ruler.
When a ruler's powers are limited by a constitution, it describes a system of governance known as constitutionalism or a constitutional government. In this framework, the constitution serves as a foundational legal document that outlines the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the limits of governmental authority. This ensures a balance of power, promoting accountability and protecting individual liberties. Such a system contrasts with absolute rule, where a ruler's power is unchecked by law.
A ruler who has absolute power can be called a dictator or despot.
A Monarchy or a Tyranny.