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Proactive legislation is law passed to address an issue that may present itself at a future time.

An example would be setting up regulations for a new industry as soon as it begins, instead of after it has gained momentum.

Reactive legislation is law passed in response to something that has happened, usually something bad.

Take, for example, the WWII Japanese American internment camps in the US after the Pearl Harbor attack. Essentially, this forced thousands of people of Japanese descent to leave their homes and live in compounds, which was possible because of Executive Order 9066. Over half of them were US citizens.

More recently, take the Patriot Act. In response to the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States, Congress pushed a bill through intended to make it easier to identify terrorists and foil future attacks. This was to be done by increasing the warrantless wiretapping and surveillance capabilities of the US government.

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