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Aristotle actually delineated SIX forms : there are three pairs of congruent governments :

  1. A state with only one ruler is either a monarchy or a tyranny
  2. A state with several rulers is either an aristocracy or an oligarchy
  3. A state in which mob rule or a democracy.

A "polity" was used by Aristotle to describe a democracy kept from excesses by the influence of the wealthy. In this regard, it is similar to the modern democracies that have a titular ruler. Aristotle also stated that all governments are inherently unstable and tend to "cycle" through the various forms.

A Clarification

Aristotle's 3 classifications of government are

  • Monarchy (rule by one), (President)
  • Aristocracy (power of the best people/rich, Senate)
  • Democracy (people power/mob rule, House of Representative)

He said that Monarchy tended to degrade to Tyranny, Aristocracy to Oligarchy (rule of the few) and Democracy to Ochlocracy (mob power).

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