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Listening skills are ways to help you listen to something more effectively. Here are some examples of listening skills:

  • Appreciative Listening - listening for enjoyment, such as to music
  • Critical Listening - paying attention to the way that something is presented, such as listening to music and evaluating the performance
  • Discriminative Listening - being sensitive to non-verbal clues in a speaker, such as looking at body language and facial expressions, and listening to tone of voice
  • Informative Listening - paying attention to determine what the speaker is trying to teach you, such as in a classroom or at a lecture
  • Relationship Listening - listening for the sole purpose of helping the other person to express their feelings or to work through a problem, such as a therapist or a friend letting someone "vent" to them

There are also several types of listening skills that you can use in any of these situations:

  • Listening within your own frame of reference (what you hear means something to you somehow) - here are the levels of listening in order of how well each one works:
    • Ignoring - not really listening at all, but it fits onto the listening scale!
    • "Pretend" Listening - acting as if you are paying attention, but your body language gives away the fact that you are really thinking about yourself; you might also interrupt the speaker or walk away in this stage
    • Selective Listening - you only hear what you want to hear, and ignore whatever else the speaker is saying
    • Patronizing Listening - listening with an attitude that you are better than the speaker or that you are judging the speaker
    • Attentive Listening - paying attention without actually working at listening; this is what most students in class and most untrained people believe that listening means
    • Active Listening - actually working to understand the speaker; you provide feedback, ask questions, paraphrase what you have heard, and take notes if needed
  • Listening within another's frame of reference(understanding how what you hear will mean something to another person)
    • Empathic Listening - the highest level of listening, where you try to understand the thoughts and feelings of the speaker; you pay attention to non-verbal clues such as facial expression and tone of voice to understand the speaker as well as the message spoken. Note that you do not have to agree with the speaker to understand, and you do not need to feel sympathy in order to be empathic - understanding the person is not the same as feeling exactly the way they do.
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