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'Mallard' is the fastest steam locomotive in the UK, in fact the fastest in the world at 126 mph. I do not know if it is the most powerful in terms of sheer horsepower. I do not have the time for a detailed response (and may be wrong in detail), but given the prior answer, feel compelled to write. Probably the most powerful were the Beyer Garratts (2-8-8-2) used on heavy coal trains in the Midlands. Next would be the BR standard 2-10-0 9F, though these were not fast, due to wheel size. The LMS Duchess was probably the most powerful passenger locomotive, though it is not easy to say as they could not fuel it fast enough to keep up with the fire. Comparable, at around 40,000lb tractive effort, and more compact were the GWR Kings, with the SR Merchant Navy's close behind. The Gresley A3 and A4 had less pull, but (obviously) plenty of speed. The A4 was essentially a streamlined A3.

I'd suggest the top list is

LNER class U1 2-8-8-2 72,940lbf banker for the Wath incline

LMS 2-6-6-2 45,620 Lickley Banker

LNER class P2 2-8-2 43,642 lbf Express passenger engines built for the Aberdeen sleeper trains

LMS 0-10-0 43,300lbf another Lickley banker

LMS Duchess class 4-6-2 40,285

GWR King class 4-6-0 40,300 [rebuilt down to 39,700 on first overhaul]

BR 9F 2-10-0 39,667lbf

LNER P1 2-8-0 38,500 heavy goods loco

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