How did Islamic law affect Muslim attitudes toward christain and Jew?

Answer 1

In countries ruled by Shariia/Islamic Law, Jews and Christians have three choices 1) convert to Islam; 2) accept inferior status as a dhimmi or "protected person"; 3) die.

Non-Abrahamic peoples (Hindus, Zoroastrians, Odinists, Shintoists, Buddhists, Taoists, Jains, NeoPagans, Freethinkers, Mormons, Scientologists, etc.) don't get the second option.

Of course, these laws are not always rigorously enforced; much depends on the historic tolerance of the population. Islam is most intolerant in Arab regions.

Answer 2

The Koran, which is the central book to Islam, began being writen in a way to cater to the Jews, in hopes that they would accept the new religion. This made the first part of the book seem warm and accepting. Only later, once the Jews had rejected it, were the harsh and dangerous statements like "Fight and slay the pagans (or infidels or unbelievers) wherever you find them" (Qur'an, Surah 9, Verse 5). This gave the Islamic religion both a friendly and a hateful side.

Christianity influenced even more strongly, since it is more a continuation of the Hebrew faith than a new religion. All of the surviving Hebrew Torah is also accepted as holy text in Christianity, as well. However, Christians believe that the Jewish Messiah has already come (a man named Jesus), and died to save all who believe from their sins.