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By the beginning of the fourth century, around ninety per cent of the population of the Roman Empire was still pagan. Constantine gave the Christian Church state patronage and encouraged members of his court to become Christian. Those with ambition knew that advancement was more likely for a Christian. Constantine promised every Roman convert a white garment, with twenty pieces of gold (Edward Gibbon, The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire). He also began a campaign of persecution against the pagan temples and paid each city that destroyed its pagan temple. Nevertheless, at the time of his death the majority of the population steadfastly remained pagan. Throughout most of the fourth century, persecution of the pagan temples increased, until in 391, public worship of the pagan gods was prohibited.

It took almost a century of patronage on the one hand and persecution on the other, but at last the Roman Empire was predominantly Christian.

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