How did the breaking of the covenant Bring about the diaspora?

Answer 1

The Jewish diaspora really began with the Babylonian captivity, since a Jewish community remained in Babylon from that time almost to the present (although it is almost gone now, due to Middle Eastern politics of the 20th and 21st centuries). The traditional Jewish explanation for the Babylonian Captivity is that it was punishment for the sins of Jews during the late First Temple era. The diaspora grew during the Roman era, where we can take the New Testament as a historical record showing that there were Jewish communities scattered around the eastern Mediterranean Sea all the way to Rome before the first great Jewish revolt. That growth was purely drive by commerce. The Jewish revolts of the years 68 and 132 led Rome to crush Jewish resistance and force much of the Jewish population into exile. In the Talmud, the blame for failure of the Jewish resistance in the first revolt is laid largely on the Jews: It is said that inside the lines of the Roman siege, different Jewish factions spent more effort on fighting each other than on defending against the Roman attackers. This may not be a realistic assessment. It is hard to believe that Rome, with an empire backing its armies, could have been defeated, although the Jewish revolts did stress the limits of the empire, requiring Rome to being legions from as far away as Germany to put them down.