We don't know the precise number, but it was in the hundreds of thousands.
70 years.
The Babylonian Captivity, also known as the Babylonian Exile, primarily stemmed from the conquest of the Kingdom of Judah by the Babylonian Empire under King Nebuchadnezzar II. Following a series of rebellions and political instability, Jerusalem was besieged in 586 BCE, leading to the destruction of the First Temple and the forced relocation of many Judeans to Babylon. This captivity was also seen as a consequence of the Israelites' failure to adhere to their covenant with God, as narrated in biblical texts.
Because of the Babylonian Captivity, Babylonia became the most important center of Jewish life during the Exile. The Jewish people survived in Babylon because the Babylonian policy allowed the Jews to settle in towns and villages along the Chebar River, which was an irrigation channel. The Jews were allowed to live together in communities; they were allowed to farm and perform other sorts of labor to earn income. Many Jews eventually became wealthy.
Four major events in the history of the Hebrews from Abraham's migration to the Babylonian captivity include: Abraham's covenant with God, which established the Hebrews as a chosen people; the Exodus, where Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and received the Ten Commandments; the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel under King Saul, followed by King David’s unification of the tribes and the construction of the First Temple by Solomon; and finally, the Babylonian captivity, which resulted from the conquest of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II, leading to the exile of many Hebrews to Babylon.
The Jews could be scattered in what is now Iraq.
There are two major periods when the Israelites were in captivity. The first was the captivity in Egypt under Pharaoh and the second was the Babylonian captivity. A third captivity could be considered the Northern Kingdom of Israel being carried off to Assyria - however, this was an apostate group and only children of God by race rather than by religion.
The prophet who ministered to the people of Judah before the Babylonian captivity was Jeremiah. He was known for his prophecies warning the people of Judah about the impending destruction of Jerusalem due to their disobedience to God. Jeremiah's messages were often met with opposition and persecution, but he remained faithful to his calling as a prophet throughout his ministry.
The Babylonian exile is the name given to the period of time in The Bible where the Babylonians captured many of the Israeli people and made them slaves.
There are two questions here:How many people? It takes 10 people to hold a full service, so that's the minimum. The maximum is however many people will fit, which depends on the size of the room.When were the first synagogues designed? We know that, by the time the Gospels and letters of Paul were written, there were synagogues all over the Roman occupied Jewish world and also synagogues elsewhere in the eastern Roman empire, all the way to Rome. So synagogues were developed before that time. The institution of the synagogue may have emerged during the Babylonian captivity. The first purpose-built synagogue, that is, one that could claim to have been designed, was therefore some time between the Babylonian captivity and the time of Jesus.
The Persians, under Cyrus, announced that those who wanted to return were free to do so. Many had established themselves well in Babylon and did not return.
75 escaped. 50 were shot. All but two were shot or returned to captivity.
There were 10 tribes, but they weren't lost. What happened was, during the Babylonian captivity of 586 BCE, the 12 tribes of Israel were expelled from the land and sent to Assyria. After 70 years, 9½ of those 12 Tribes had just assimiliated into Babylonian society, leaving only 2½ tribes returning to Israel.