Four major events in the history of the Hebrews from Abraham's migration to the Babylonian captivity include: Abraham's covenant with God, which established the Hebrews as a chosen people; the Exodus, where Moses led the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and received the Ten Commandments; the establishment of the Kingdom of Israel under King Saul, followed by King David’s unification of the tribes and the construction of the First Temple by Solomon; and finally, the Babylonian captivity, which resulted from the conquest of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II, leading to the exile of many Hebrews to Babylon.
You answered your own question. It was the Babylonians.
The Babylonians.
Cyrus, king of Persia, issued an edict inviting the Jews to return to their land from the Babylonian Captivity.
In the Hebrews time his nickname was "Father of the Hebrews"
he was the father of the Hebrews
Sheol usually means to ask.
all the jobs being taken
It was called the First Exile or the First Captivity.
Prior to 586 BCE, the Hebrews were divided into 12 tribes. After the Babylonian Exile, most of the tribes assimilated into Babylonian culture and were lost. The surviving people were mainly from the Tribe of Judah. So they were called Judeans, which later became shorted to Jews.
There are no written records to suggest that the Hebrews were ever in Mesopotamia. But if you mean Babylonia, then it was in the 6th Century BCE, when 10 of the 12 tribes assimilated into Babylonian culture.
They didn't. They were Jewish and remained that way. The Torah is much older than the Babylonian exile.
Moses, half-brother to Ramses, led the Exodus from Egypt, Land of Captivity.