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Today a cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually a bishop, of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope.

The term cardinal (Cardinalis) was originally understood to include every priest permanently attached to a church, every clericus, either intitulatus or incardinatusT. I.e. the term "cardinal" at one time applied to any priest permanently assigned or incardinated to a church, or specifically to the senior priest of an important church, based on the Latin cardo (hinge), meaning "principal" or "chief".

This early usage began around the fifth century.

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