Sabbath and festival prayers (the Torah is read), some weekday morning prayers, prayers on fast days, Purim, Rosh Chodesh, and Hannukah. Also the Bar Mitzva ceremony (which is incorporated in the Sabbath morning prayers).
It isn't directly linked. Rather, the Bar Mitzva ceremony marks the entrance to Jewish adulthood and full responsibility according to the Torah. The Torah itself is (and contains) the Jewish covenant. See also:More about the covenantMore about Bar Mitzva
The parchment on which the Torah text is written is properly called a Torah scroll or, in Hebrew, a Sefer Torah (sefermeans book). A Torah scroll that is damaged or worn out is treated the same as a deceased Jewish person: it is buried in a cemetery (or at least in the ground), with a burial ceremony and mourning.
During a bar mitzvah ceremony, a Jewish boy, typically at the age of 13, is called to the Torah in a synagogue service, marking his coming of age and his responsibilities in the Jewish community. He usually reads a portion from the Torah, demonstrating his ability to participate in religious life. The ceremony is often followed by a celebration, which may include a party or reception with family and friends, symbolizing the boy's transition into adulthood.
The Torah defines the Jewish religion.
A Jewish boy celebrates his Bar Mitzvah at the age of 13. This rite of passage signifies his coming of age and his obligation to observe Jewish commandments. The ceremony typically involves reading from the Torah and is often celebrated with family and community.
Simchat Torah.
Hard to say. Here's one man's opinion: -- During a service that includes public Torah reading, it's the public Torah reading. -- During a service that doesn't, it would be the Amidah (Sh'moneh Esrei).
Both the Torah and the Talmud are important records of Jewish laws and teachings. See the Related Links.Link: More about the TorahLink: More about the TalmudLink: Examples of Jewish laws
The Talmud is the Jewish Oral Torah. See also:Facts about the TalmudWhich books make up the Talmud?
The Torah states that it was given by God.
No
The Jewish Bible is not called the Torah. Jewish Bible, called the Tanakh, contains 24 books. The Torah represents only the first 5 books (Genesis through Deuteronomy).