Answer 1
It's hard to explain that in a quick answer.
To answer that question fully, please see the link below.
Answer 2
First of all, it should be stressed that all Jews have the same Torah.
Yes, there are different types Jews within the Jewish faith. They may be classed according to lifestyle, geography, or outlook.
Lifestyle: there are Jews who are more stringent (Orthodox) or less stringent (Conservative, Reform) in their observance of the Torah's commands.
Geography: there are Ashkenazi (Western) Jews and Sephardi/Mizrahi (Eastern) Jews. Ashkenazim have historical roots in Germany, while Sephardim have historical roots in pre-expulsion Spain. (There are others too, such as Yemeni, Romaniote, and Persian Jews, but the above are the largest groups.)
Outlook: among the religious Jewish communities, there are the Yeshiva community, Hassidim, and Modern Orthodox. (Hassidim are the ones who wear long frock-coats.)
Answer 3
Judaism has only two major sects. However, they have very different perceptions of each other and these are the Torah Jews and the Liberal Jews. The main divisions between these sects is the ability to use non-Judaic source content to abrogate and modernize Jewish teaching and practice. Torah Jews believe that such things represent a deterioration of Jewish identity and purpose whereas Liberal Jews see Jewish Identity to be more internal or ethnic and the religious aspect to be secondary. As a result, Torah Jews believe Liberal Jews to have "lost their way" and Liberal Jews see Torah Jews as being antiquated and "out of sync" with the modern world. Regardless of whether a person is a Torah Jew or a Liberal Jew, that person may also practice rites derivative of his ancestral region such as Eastern European customs, Iberian customs, North African customs, etc. These customs do not affect other Jews as perceiving him as Jewish and these rites are all co-equal.
Within the Torah Judaism Sect there are a number of movements distinguished by their level of integration with the non-Jewish World, their styles of prayer, and their level of conservatism. The Modern Orthodox are typically seen as the more liberal branch of Torah Judaism and typically wear Jewish paraphernalia (such as a Kippa and Tzitzit) although they will dress in a typical business-suit and work in Western companies. On the more conservative side are the Hasidim and Ultra-Orthodox who wear unique vestment at all times and are recognizable by their payyot (sideburn-curls).
Within Liberal Judaism there are a number of movements also distinguished by their level of integration with the non-Jewish World, their styles of prayer, and their level of conservatism. At the most liberal are Secular Jews who may make Jewish foods and sing Jewish songs, but rarely attend synagogue services and do not perform the daily acts required of Torah Jews. In Liberal Judaism there is a question as to how much Hebrew and how much Vernacular should be used in a Synagogue Service. Conservative Jews, on the more conservative side typically prefer more Hebrew, whereas Reform Jews prefer more Vernacular. Liberal Jews are often well-acclimated to non-Jewish society and may have many non-Jewish friends and contacts.
More than 99 % (different types of gods, including Musulmans, Jews etc.).
The Nazis persecuted and then murdered all people they regarded as 'full Jews'. In the Holocaust, no distinction was made between West and East European Jews.
The background of Jews is originally semetic, specifically from the levant area which now encompasses Jordan, Israel, and Lebanon. You must then take into account that there are different types of Jews. These include Ashkenazi (Germanic), Sephardic (Iberian), and Mizrahi (Middle Eastern), along with other types as well. These specific Jewish types acquired some new genetic information from the areas they settled in through conversions, rape and intermarriage; this is the reason why some Jews have lighter skin while others darker.
There is no food that all Jews eat by dint of the fact that all Jews are different people with different tastes and choices.
Of course there are Jews in Germany, but under no seecomstance is there or has there ever been only Jews. Many different people have different religions every where you go.
-reform -conservative -modern -orthodox -frum
there is conservitive and reform
jews.
there was no single document. At the times when the ghettos were being cleared, different types of people were allowed to stay at various stages.
How- they passed laws stating it. They classified Jews as a race, therefore they were genetically different and inferior.
To show they were different. It was a sign of disrespect.
Christians believe Jesus is the messiah, Jews don't.