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A:Contrary to biblical tradition, scholars now know that the Hebrew people were actually Canaanites who migrated from the regions of the rich coastal cities into the hitherto sparsely populated Canaanite hinterland. Their Canaanite predecessors knew nothing of YHWH (Yahweh, often translated as Jehovah), so he was introduced to the Hebrew people some time after they separated from the Canaanite milieu, becoming the national God of Judah and, probably a little later, of the northern kingdom of Israel.

It is believed that YHWH originated as a storm god among the Midianites of north-west Arabia. Keel and Uehlinger (Gods, Goddesses and Images of God in Ancient Israel) describe Yahweh as initially the Hebrew storm God, but apparently later as a solar God. They say that Yahweh and Baal were nearly indistinguishable in eighth-century Israel, fulfilling the same functions and roles and being conceived of using the same categories. In fact, over the centuries, there seems to have been a great deal of syncretism among the Hebrew gods El, Baal and Yahweh.

The Deuteronomistic reforms of the seventh century BCE, under King Josiah, resulted in an almost complete rewrite of Judah's religious history, as well as that of the former kingdom of Israel. Regardless of private worship, the official religion of Judah was to be monotheistic, based on Yahweh alone. This meant that Baal and Asherah were to be both downplayed and disparaged in the new Hebrew scriptures. Since El and Yahweh had come to be regarded as one and the same God, no such treatment of El would be needed.

The Deuteronomistic reforms were only partly successful, with polytheism continuing up until the Babylonian Exile and possibly beyond, but Yahweh would eventually become the sole deity of Judaism.

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