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The two main groups in Islam are Sunni and Shia. Their split originated from a disagreement over the rightful successor to the Prophet Muhammad after his death in 632 CE. Sunnis believed that the community should choose the leader, leading to the selection of Abu Bakr as the first caliph, while Shia insisted that leadership should remain within the Prophet's family, specifically favoring Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law. This division has led to distinct religious practices and interpretations within Islam.

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