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Umayyads
Madinah
The Umayyads and the Abbasids.
The rightly guided caliphs
The Umayyad Caliphate came after the four Rightly-Guided Caliphs.
There were FOUR Rightly-Guided Caliphs after Muhammad's death (Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali). After Ali was assassinated, the Umayyads swept into power, ending the age of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and beginning a more imperial form of government.
They used Muhammad's actions as guides to leadership.
Hazrat Ali RAU was the last Rightly Guided Caliph. Hazrat Umar bin Abdul Aziz is also considered a Rightly Guided Caliph as he also rules justly.
It depends on whether you consider western Anatolia to be part of Southwest Asia. The Rightly-Guided Caliphs conquered all other regions of Southwest Asia, including Arabia, Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, Persia, and eastern Anatolia. However, Muslims under the Rightly-Guided Caliphs left western Anatolia under Byzantine control.
There were FOUR Rightly-Guided Caliphs after Muhammad's death (Abu Bakr, Omar, Othman, and Ali). After Ali was assassinated, the Umayyads swept into power, ending the age of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and beginning a more imperial form of government.