The events of the Golden Calf transpired:
http://judaism.answers.com/kosher/the-complaints-in-the-wilderness-and-the-golden-calf
40 days and nights
When Moses was on Mount Sinai for40 days, the people got restless and melted their gold andbuilt a golden calf.
God instructed Moses to lead the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and to receive the Ten Commandments on Mount Sinai.
The Israelites made a Golden Calf.
The Israelites made a golden calf as an idol while waiting for Moses to come down from Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments. This act of idolatry led to significant consequences for the Israelites.
3-months after leaving Egypt, Moses and the Israelis came to Mount Sinai. Moses received the "Ten Commandants" and the plans for the earthly tabernacle. They were in the wilderness.
From a biblical perspective, Moses helped the Israelites escape from their lives of slavery in Egypt. From a historical perspective, Moses did not help the Israelites escape from anywhere. After all, it has been reported that over 90 per cent of scholars say that there never was an Exodus from Egypt.
In the Sinai Covenant, God made a covenant with the Israelites through Moses on Mount Sinai. The covenant included the giving of the Ten Commandments and other laws which the Israelites were to follow. It established rules for the Israelites to live by, and outlined the consequences for obedience and disobedience.
Moses is not traditionally remembered as a warrior, but rather as a prophet and leader of the Israelites. His story in the Bible focuses on his role in leading the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt and receiving the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai. While Moses displayed courage and strength in his leadership, he is not depicted as a warrior in the same way as figures like Joshua or David.
When Moses came down from Mount Sinai with the Ten Commandments, no one died. However, in a separate incident, when Moses was on Mount Sinai receiving the commandments, some Israelites worshiped a golden calf instead and about 3,000 people died as a result of their disobedience.
This event occurred at Mount Horeb, also known as Mount Sinai, when Moses encountered the burning bush and received his divine call from God to lead the Israelites out of Egypt.
The ancient civilization that used the Ten Commandments is the Israelites, specifically during the time of Moses. The Ten Commandments were given to Moses on Mount Sinai and are a fundamental part of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament.