The Christianity of the western part of the Roman Empire was originally called Western or Latin Christianity. Later it came to be called the Catholicism.
Christians.
Christianity was more than just famous throughout the Roman Empire. It spread and developed in this empire. Christianity started in the Roman Empire. Judea was part of the Roman province of Syria (that is, a province of the Roman Empire). The apostles and later Christian missionaries travelled around the empire and converted many people. The Christian churches developed in the Roman Empire. Christianity became a major religion of the empire and eventually became the state religion of the empire. Both the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church were originally churches of the Roman Empire. The former was originally called Latin or Western Christianity and was the main version of Christianity in the western part of the empire. The latter was originally called Greek or Eastern Christianity and was the main version of Christianity in the eastern part of the empire.
Bible based born-again Christianity.
These principles and concepts are called Judeo-Christian values. Much of Western society was founded on and still adheres to Judeo-Christianity.
The expression the fall of Rome refers to the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire which crumbled under the weight of the invasions by Germanic peoples. The eastern part of the Roman Empire was not affected by these invasions and continued to exist for another 1,000 years. The religion of the western part of the Roman Empire was called Latin or Western Christianity. It continued to exist and later came to be called Catholic (Christianity) and became the region of Western Europe. The religion of the eastern part of the Roman Empire also continued to exist. It was called Greek or Eastern Christianity. It come to be called Orthodox (Christianity) and became the religion of parts of Eastern Europe and Russia.
The Eastern and Western branches of Christianity severed links and considered each other heretical. The Eastern brach is usually called Orthodox and the Western Catholic. One sad consequence was that the Western crusaders attacked Constantinople, the centre of Eastern Christianity, in 1204.
The Romans have given us Christianity. This religion originated in Judea, which was part of the Roman Empire and then spread though this empire. It evolved into two main forms, which were called Latin/western Christianity and Greek/eastern Christianity. The former was the main form of Christianity in the western part of the empire and the latter was the main form in the eastern part of the empire. Later they came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively.
The religion of the Byzantine empire was Orthodox Christianity For a while Arian Christianity was popular but it was soon suppressed. Both of these religions developed before the Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire is a term historians have coined to refer to the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part of the Roman Empire. The Romans, even in the so-called Byzantine period did not use this term. They used only one tern: Roman Empire. Orthodox and Arian Christianity developed before the fall of the western part of the empire and therefore before the Byzantine period. There were Western or Latin Christianity in the western part of the Roman Empire and Greek or Eastern Christianity,in the western part of the Roman Empire. They were the mainstream form of Christianity Later they came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively Arian Christianity was the most popular form of dissident Christianity both in the eastern and western part of the Roman Empire.
The term Byzantine Empire has been coined by historians to indicate the eastern part of the Roman Empire after the fall of the western part of this empire. The 'east' continued to exist for nearly 1,000 years after the fall of the 'west.' The people in question did not even know the term "Byzantine" and called their empire Roman Empire. In other words, the so-called Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire. The so-called Byzantines saw themselves as Romans. The religion of the eastern part of the Roman Empire had developed before the fall of the western part of this empire. It was called Greek or Eastern Christianity, and it was the main form of Christianity in this part of the empire. The main form of Christianity in the western part of the empire was called Latin or Western Christianity. Later, they came to be called Orthodox and Catholic respectively.
The Bishop of Rome was the head of Latin or western Christianity in the last few centuries of the Roman Empire, in the the days when Christianity became the state religion of this empire. Latin Christianity was the main form of Christianity in the western part of the Roman Empire. Greek or Eastern Christianity was the main form of Christianity in the eastern part of the empire. Later they came to be called Catholic and Orthodox respectively. Therefore, the Bishop of Rome was the spiritual leader of the Christians in the western part of the empire. Later the bishop of Rome also took on the title of Pope.
If you mean the ancient city of Rome, it has always been the Bishop of Rome, (the title of Pope was added later). In the Roman days he was the leader of what was called Latin or Western Christianity (now it is called Catholic Christianity). If you are referring to the Roman Empire, there were five leaders of Christianity, the patriarchs. One of them was the Bishop of Rome. The others were the patriarchs of what was then called Greek or Eastern Christianity (now it is called Orthodox Christianity). They were the patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, Jerusalem and Alexandria.