the word Islam literally means Peace
The word Islam is an Arabic word diverted from "salam" which means peace.
Islam is the same word in Latin as it is in English.
If you mean by the word " things" the fundamentals or morals of Islam, then refer to questions below
It has no mean what so ever... like the word white in Christianity
Qadi is an Arabic word that means the Judge
It comes from the word salam, which means peace. The word Islam means submission. It comes from the story of Abraham, who submitted himself to God. Hence, Islam is about submitting oneself to God. Likewise, Muslim means anyone who submits. This is why Muslims believe Adam to be the first Muslim.
Father of It is not an Islam term. It's an Arabic word
Ibada is an Arabic word that means worship in English.
If you mean how has Islam been rooted., then the answer is that: Islam is an Arabic word that means submission to God the Creator and seeking peace. In this sense Islam is rooted since the start of universe creation. see question below.
Al-Ghaffur is an Arabic word that means All-forgiving.
If you mean by sign the main characteristic of Islam, then it is monotheism: to worship Allah (God in English) with no partner, no associate, no son, and np companion. If you mean by sign the symbol of Islam, then it is no symbol for Islam.