A Caliphate is the area ruled by a Caliph, the spiritual successor to Prophet Mohammed. Most Caliphs, historically, ruled like Kings or as Attachés to ruling kings at the time in question.
Abbasid Caliphate.
Rashidun Caliphate was created in 632.
Abbasid caliphate -- Baghdad Ummayyad Caliphate- Cordoba
Abbasid Caliphate was created in 750.
Sokoto Caliphate ended in 1903.
Caliphate of Córdoba ended in 1031.
Caliphate of Córdoba was created in 756.
Sharifian Caliphate was created in 1924.
The Almohad Caliphate lasted from 1121 to 1269.
The Caliphate of Cairo
The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
The Muslim Empire established by second Rashidoon Caliph Hazrat Umar RAU, the Ummayad Caliphate, The Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad, and the Ummayad Caliphate in Spain