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The early Hebrew religious beliefs were polytheistic. This is not only attested in The Bible itself, but even in the archaeological record of Israel.

For example, the Israeli archaeologist, Israel Finkelstein, and the historian Silberman say that the goddess Asherah must have been a legitimate part of the cult of Yahweh, since the Bible says that a statue of Asherah stood in the Solomonic temple in Jerusalem for about two-thirds of its existence.

Among the many objects discovered at Kuntillet Ajrud were two large, splintered, pithoi or storage jars. Each pithos contained drawings in red and black ink accompanied by religious inscriptions written in Hebrew, which scholars have translated with reasonable consistency.

Pithos A seems to be a dedicatory inscription and reads, in part: "I bless you by Yahweh, our guardian, and by his Asherah".

A second pithos is nearly identical, including: "Amaryau says: Say to my lord X: I bless you by Yahweh (our guardian), and by his Asherah".

One of the inscriptions that Dever found on the base wall of a tomb at Makkedah, dated to 750-700 BCE, reads: "May Uriyahu be blessed by Yahweh my guardian and by his Asherah. Save him."

Archaeologists have discovered thousands of terra cotta fertility figurines from the pre-Exilic period. They are almost all female and often found in contexts indicating that they were personal items. Their enlarged breasts, exaggerated pubic triangles and pregnant abdomens indicate they may have been cult objects of the "mother goddess", Asherah. Even after the time of Josiah, figurines of a standing woman holding her breasts and generally identified with Asherah continued in abundance in private dwellings.

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