What is the fur hat called that Jews wear?

Answer 1

Shtreimels or Boyar Hats.

The Shtreimel or Boyar Hat that many Ultra-Religious Western European Orthodox Jews wear is a result of their ancestors having lived in Russia and Poland, it is not a "Jewish" custom. These Jews wear such hats in recognition that wearing such hats is indicative of higher status and more formal dress (the same way that a number of Western European Jews wear Top Hats). However, many Russians and Poles no longer wear the Boyar Hat since it is out of fashion (in much the same way that few Western Europeas wear Top Hats anymore).

Answer 2

It is called a shtreimel and is worn by most male Hassidim from the time of their marriage onward, on special occasions such as Shabbat, festivals and weddings.

Answer 3

The shtreimel is a round fur hat associated with Hassidic Jews. The origins of this type of hat are uncertain, but Jews in the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth appear to have adopted it in the 17th century. At the time, the fad among the Polish nobility was to dress in "oriental" style, adopting fashions from the Tatars, Turks and Russians, including wearing Tatar hats. This fashion appears to have been adopted by the leadership in the Jewish community of the region.