he was a Judaism priest
We don't a 'teaching priest' in Judaism.
The official title for a Catholic priest is "Reverend Father."
the priest is called a father
Yes, priest is a common noun unless it's the title of a specific person.
Yes, priest is a common noun unless it's the title of a specific person.
The leader of Judaism is the Kohen Gadol (Hebrew, roughly translates as "high priest"). He is the patriarch of the family of priests who conduct services in the Holy Temple. As of now, there has been no temple, no family of priests, no high priest, and no leader of Judaism for roughly 1,940 years.
There is no single head of Judaism. In classical times, there was the king, the Cohen Gadol (High Priest) and the head of the Sanhedrin (the greatest Torah scholar). Today, each Rabbi, greater or lesser, heads a particular community. The word 'Tzaddik' is a title meaning 'righteous'. Any person can become a tzaddik, they do not have to be a rabbi to do so.
Yes, "priest-king" is a hyphenated noun. The two words are part of a joint title.
Father (priest's title)
Yes, the word "priest" is typically capitalized when referring to a specific individual or as a title, such as "Father John is a Priest." However, when used in a general sense, it is not capitalized, for example, "Many priests attended the conference."
No, because it is not a proper nou n.