Laws were based on the religious teachings of Muhammad.
Laws were based on the religious teachings of Muhammad.
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The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
before
Portugal, Spain, France, Cyprus, Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia all had land under the Caliphate's control.
The political centre of Islam was Damascuss under the Umayyad Caliphate.
The entire question is just plain ridiculous.
Qordova/Cordoba in Spain under Ummayyad Caliphate.
It was between the Franks under Charles Martel against the Umayyad Caliphate of Spain under Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi.
because they strived to prevent the abuses of power that had existed under British rule
GREECEEgypt, Iran, and Spain were under the control of different Islamic Caliphates in 1000 C.E. (Fatimid Caliphate, the Buyid and Ghaznavid Empires, and the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba, respectively). However, Greece was still under the control of the Byzantine Empire. Greece would eventually fall in large chunks to the Ottoman Empire in the 1300s and finally capitulate in the 1400s.
The Abbasid dynasty established their caliphate in Baghdad, which became the capital in 762 CE. The choice of Baghdad was strategic, as it was located at the crossroads of trade routes and offered a central position in the Islamic world. Under the Abbasids, the caliphate flourished culturally, scientifically, and economically, marking a golden age of Islamic civilization.