Laws were based on the religious teachings of Muhammad.
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Laws were based on the religious teachings of Muhammad.
Qordova/Cordoba in Spain under Ummayyad Caliphate.
The Abbasid dynasty established their caliphate in Baghdad, which became the capital in 762 CE. The choice of Baghdad was strategic, as it was located at the crossroads of trade routes and offered a central position in the Islamic world. Under the Abbasids, the caliphate flourished culturally, scientifically, and economically, marking a golden age of Islamic civilization.
GREECEEgypt, Iran, and Spain were under the control of different Islamic Caliphates in 1000 C.E. (Fatimid Caliphate, the Buyid and Ghaznavid Empires, and the Umayyad Caliphate of Cordoba, respectively). However, Greece was still under the control of the Byzantine Empire. Greece would eventually fall in large chunks to the Ottoman Empire in the 1300s and finally capitulate in the 1400s.
North and South America, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, Europe, and most parts of Asia, especially the far east.
The Rashidun Caliphate under Omar.
10 years after Mohammed's death is roughly the end of Omar's rulership of the Islamic Caliphate in 644 C.E. The only country in the Middle East of today which was not under Islamic control when Omar passed the baton to Othman was Turkey which was only partially conquered in the southeast. A map has been attached showing the extent of Omar's Caliphate.
The Umayyad Caliphate conquered much of what is Pakistan today in the early 700s. Under the Umayyads, Islam became the state religion in those areas it controlled. Islam expanded to central and eastern India during the reign of the Islamic Mughal Empire in the 1500s.
Though the Caliphate was an Islamic nation, their rulers had a reputation for being tolerant of other religions. Other religious groups welcomed the stability and prosperity that being part of the Ottoman Empire brought, and while not having to fear persecution under its reign.
before
This question is a puzzle. The Catholic Church existed before the time of the prophet Mohamed. Are you asking about Spain? Under Islamic rule, there were times when Jews, Christians and Muslims in Al Andalus (Islamic Spain) had peaceful and constructive relationships, and there were times when things were not so peaceful. After the Islamic Caliphate of Al Andalus fell apart into separate kingdoms, Catholic rulers conquered some of those kingdoms and relations continued to be peaceful. When Catholics conquered other kingdoms, the story was different, and when Spain was finally unified under Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492, Jews and Muslims were given the choice, convert to Christianity or leave, under penalty of death.