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The rights (iura, plural of ius) of Roman citizens were:

· Ius suffragiorum: The right to vote in the Roman assemblies.

· Ius honorum: The right to stand for public office.

· Ius commercii: The right to make legal contracts and to hold property as a Roman citizen.

· Ius connubii: The right to have a lawful marriage with a Roman citizen, to have the legal rights of the paterfamilias (head of the household) over the family, and to have the children of any such marriage be counted as Roman citizens.

· Ius migrationis: The right to preserve Roman citizenship if one relocated to a town in the Roman Empire which was a Roman colony (settlement). However, if Roman citizens relocated to a different Latin city state or a Latin colony, their citizenship was reduced to Latin citizenship. This was a lower status type of citizenship with conferred fewer rights.

· The right of liberty from the power of masters, from the dominion of tyrants, the severity of magistrates, the cruelty of creditors, and the insolence of more powerful citizens.

· Roman citizens could appeal against punishment by public officials to the people. The people then determined the matter in the popular assemblies.

· The right to sue in the courts.

· The right to have a legal trial in a proper court and to defend oneself.

· Roman citizens could not be sentenced to death unless he was found guilty of treason. If accused of treason, they had the right to be tried in Rome

· No Roman citizens could be sentenced to crucifixion.

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