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At one point in time there was only the Catholic Church, the break or schism mentioned resulted in the creation of the Eastern Orthodox churches of the East, and the Western Church, occasionally referred to as the Roman Catholic Church. Due to various political and theological questions centered on episcopal/patriarchal primacy within the Church, the role of ecumenical councils, the exact matter needed for the Eucharistic host, and the nature of the Trinity (Filioque Clause), further agitated by a growing culture divide culminated in the mutual excommunications of 1054.

Of course many "eastern catholics" remained loyal to the Pope even to this day.

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