Answer 1
It is part of the natural spread of Islam and conversion of the majority of North Africans to Islam.
Answer 2
Umayyad Muslim Armies conquered North Africa with relative ease since many of the North Africans actually joined in the conquering armies as well. There was a mass conversion of the North Africans to Islam as these armies came through. By the time the Muslim armies made there way to what is now Algeria, North Africans were the majority of the army and would be Amazigh (also known as Berbers or Moors) who would lead the Islamic Invasion of Spain.
However, the strength of the Umayyads in controlling the Maghreb (northwest Africa: Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia) was very weak and by the mid-eighth century and early ninth century, all of the Maghrebi States had become independent of the now-Abbassid Middle Eastern Caliphate.
D.access to centuries' worth of written historical records. ...
Angola
in the seventh century
European presence mostly on west coast,also in South Africa and Mozambique.
No, it has a 1,600 kilometer coastline on the South Atlantic Ocean.
Continent
yes the initial Arab presence in North Africa was as an occupying settler army. Much the same as the Zionist Israeli presence in Palestine today.
The West coast of Africa.
The scramble for Africa
Most of northwest Africa was claimed by France during the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly through its colonization of Algeria, Morocco, and Tunisia. The French established a significant colonial presence in the region, leading to extensive political and cultural changes. Additionally, Spain also occupied parts of northwest Africa, notably in northern Morocco and Western Sahara.
Pirates have been around for centuries! One of the earliest records is inscribed on on a clay tablet. It dates to 1350 BC and describes pirates. The report talks about free lance shipping attacks in the Mediterranean along the coast of North Africa.
throughout the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries mostly