Which prophet prophesied that they would divide jesus clothes by casting lots?

Answer 1

It was not one of the "prophets" (meaning a Major or Minor prophet in the Old Testament) but it comes from one of the psalms of David, specifically Psalm 22:18. The entire 22nd chapter describes in accurate detail many of the events surrounding Jesus' final moments before and during his crucifixion.

The Psalms were not meant as prophecy. It is claimed that the Gospel writers, on seeing their Messiah die, went back through the Old Testament to look for any Scripture that could give authority to a dying Messiah. This Psalm does just this. It can be claimed that none, or most, of what happened at his crucifixion did not happen (mocking, casting lots, pierced side) but was 'written in' to Jesus' Passion narrative to fit in with OT Scripture. Since we have no sources for the Gospels (we don't know who wrote them, or where they got their information from, which is the sort of methodology that contemporary historians gave, like Suetonius and Tacitus), we cannot verify any of the claims.

As a result, it does look like these events were created 'ex post facto' and didn't actually happen; a sort of fiction that poses as fact, and uses the Old Testament to give it authority and persuasive power to the Jewish audience. We must remember that the Gospels were NOT history books, but evangelising accounts written to persuade others to convert.