Judaism started about 4000 years ago in the Middle East region. A Hebrew named Abraham is credited with promoting and spreading Judaism.
No. The Book of Genesis makes no mention of any daughters of Abraham.
Christianity and Islam both originated from Judaism.
That's normally found amongst converts to Judaism, some converts choose to not change their name.
The only day of the week which has a name in Judaism is the Shabbat, which is named in the Torah (Exodus ch.31). Other days are simply called so-and-so-many-days-after-Shabbat.
Judaism is called Judaism.
There are no rooms in Judaism. Judaism is a religion, not a building.
Opposite of the lack of Judaism? Judaism.
Judaism's real name, in English, is "Judaism".
Christianity and Judaism
Lots of those. In more or less the order of most traditional to least traditional, here are some: Modern Orthodox Judaism Masorti (Traditional) Judaism Conservative Judaism Reform Judaism Liberal Judaism Reconstructionist Judaism Renewal Judaism Humanistic Judaism
Until the time of Moses, it may have been named only by its parts: Yir'at Hashem (awareness of God), etc. From the time of Moses onwards, it was simply called Torah. "Judaism," as we call it today, is a description that was coined later.