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We must not think of religious worship as having always followed the pattern of Rabbinical Judaism, Christianity and Islam, wherein worship consists of prayer, singing and listening to sermons and speeches. For Second Temple Judaism, practised at the time of Jesus, worship of God required the sacrifice of an animal proportionate to the wealth of the supplicant and the purpose of the worship. Rural Jews could bring their own sacrificial animals, but many Jews were inhabitants of Jerusalem or other towns, or had travelled from outside Judea, and needed to purchase the animals for sacrifice. Purchase at the Temple assured them that the animal was sound and healthy, as required for sacrifice to God.

The Old Testament tells us that God enjoyed the savour of animal sacrifices burnt on the altar. In a story from around the beginning of the first millennium BCE, we even find that God was displeased when Cain brought an offering of the fruit of the ground, but was well pleased when Abel offered the firstlings of his flocks (Genesis 4:3-5).

By the time the first gospel was written, the Temple was destroyed by the Romans, which meant that it was no longer possible to sacrifice at the Temple. Jews had to adopt new forms of worship, and perhaps the gospel author could pre-empt this disaster by reporting Jesus' displeasure at the sale of sacrificial animals.

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