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At one time all of Israel was one nation, but when King Solomon died his son, Rehoboam became king. At that time the people came before the new king and asked, " Your father made our yoke heavy; now therefore lighten the burdensome service of your father, and his heavy yoke which he put on us, and we will serve you".

To make a long story short Rehoboam after three days of consulting with others gave them this answer; "My father made your yoke heavy, but I will add to your yoke".

So ten of the twelve tribes split from the kingdom and started their own kingdom known as the northern tribes of Israel, that left Judah and Benjamin in the south and they were the southern kingdom, known as Judah.

Each kingdom had its own king (See I Kings 12:)

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