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Prophets generally shared several key experiences and characteristics.

  1. A call from God. Attempting to prophesy without such a commission was false prophecy.
  2. A word from God. This came through many means; direct declarations, visions, dreams, or an appearance of God.
  3. Prophets were primarily spokesperson who called His people to obedience by appealing to Israel's past and future.
  4. Symbolic acts. These served as dramatic, living parables.
  5. Miracles confirmed their message.
  6. Writing God's Word (Is. 8:1, Ezek. 43:11).
  7. ministry to their people. Prophets were to test God's peoples' lives (Jer. 6:27) and be Watchmen for moral compromise (Ezek. 3:17). They interceded in prayer, sometimes even for the prophets enemy (1 Kings 13:6, 2 Kings 4:18-37, Amos 7:2, Jer. 14:17-21, and Isaiah 59:16).
  8. Ecstatic experiences. These confirmed God's presence and empowered the prophet.

With regards to a prophet and their prophecies of the future, their predictions could be understood in several ways.

  1. Some prophecies seem to have a direct, literal fulfillment: the Messiah was to be born in Bethlehem (Matthew 2:5-6; Mic. 5:2).
  2. Not all predictions were fulfilled literally. Elijah's return was fulfilled by John the Baptist and not a literal Elijah (Matt. 11:13-15; Mal. 3:1-4). Paul applied prophecies about literal, national Israel to the church (Rom. 9:25-26; Hos. 1:9-10, 2:23). This distinctive Christian reading was thought to be legitimate because of Christ's fulfillment and interpretation of the Old Testament (Luke 4:17-21).
  3. Typological interpretation shows how OT events, person, or things foreshadowed the later Christian story. Christ can be compared to Adam (1 Cor. 15:2-23).

The prophets played a foundation role in the early church (1 Cor. 12:28-31). The angels visitation and prediction (Luke 1:11,26-27) provoked Mary and Zecharias to prophecy. John the Baptist predicted that Jesus would baptize in the Spirit (Matthew 3:11).

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