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Jesus had been asking his disciples who people thought who he was. Then he asked the disciples what they throught and we read the following.

MAT 16:16-18 And Simon Peter answered and said, "Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said to him, "Blessed are you, Simon Barjona, because flesh and blood did not reveal this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. And I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build My church; and the gates of Hades shall not overpower it.

Peter is "petros" in Greek. Literally it means rock. Here Jesus is using the word rock as a firm belief. This firm belief was that Jesus was "The Christ, the Son of God." Jesus is saying that the Church will be built on this doctrine.

Roman Catholic AnswerGod has changed people's names throughout The Bible when He is changing their lives for His Church. He changed Abram's name to Abraham, Jacob was renamed Israel. Peter, which means "rock" in Hebrew (Kephas) and in Greek was never used as a name before this time; and Jesus was very specific saying that Peter was the rock, and upon this rock He would build His Church. Thus Peter became Christ's first Vicar on earth - a pattern established by God in his Davidic kingdom where the Vicar held the keys of the Kingdom and acted in the King's name.
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