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Groups of organisms separated from other populations can evolve to form different species over many generations. As bacteria can produce many generations in 24 hours they tend to evolve rapidly. Birds separated by land or water barriers need perhaps one or two hundred years to develop separate characteristics forced on the population by the environment. Individuals can not evolve, only species can evolve by passing on genetic material that enable their offspring to survive long enough to breed. If the environment acts against the offspring with certain characteristics eg a pale moth on a dark background, then those individuals are removed from the gene pool thus affecting the characteristics of the next generation.

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