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The atmosphere's composition is caused BY life. When the Earth was formed the atmosphere was Nitrogen, CO2, and Methane and water vapour. Life has removed much of the methane and CO2 and added Oxygen. Therefore life and the atmosphere (and the rocks of the planet) are one big unified system with lots of biological cycles happening with them.

When O2 was added to the atmosphere this formed O3 (Ozone) in the upper atmosphere and this then blocked out most of the Sun's harmful (to life) ultraviolet radiation. When this happened it was possible for life to start colonising the Earth's land areas.

The atmosphere also blocks out most of the harmful cosmic radiation that impinges on the planet.

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