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Short answer:

Causes: Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and other halogens (all man-made gases) emitted from industry rise to the stratosphere where ultraviolet radiation breaks them up and releases their chlorine. Chlorine destroys the ozone layer.

Effects: Decreasing ozone means increases in melanoma (skin cancer), cataracts, famine (loss of arable land, and damage to crops). This would only occur in areas that had this thinning or hole in the ozone.

More detailCauses:

CFCs and related halocarbon gases are the main cause of ozone depletion all over the world. CFCs released from Western countries take several years to reach the stratosphere where the ozone layer is. During that time winds spread them all over the world. In the presence of ultraviolet light these gases release chlorine and bromine atoms which destroy some of the ozone in the ozone layer. This is called ozone depletion. The ozone hole is a related but different phenomenon.

Effects:

Earth's surface receives more UltraViolet-B, as ozone is the only gas currently in our atmosphere that absorbs UltraViolet-B. UltraViolet-B is also absorbed by soil, meters depth of water, and directly by the DNA of all surface life. DNA absorbing UltraViolet-B ends up increasing rates of cancer, mutation, and decreases crop yields. UltraViolet-B also causes cataracts to form in eye structures in animals (including Man).

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