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Rehabilitation is a legal requirement for mining companies in order to sustain the environment. Rehabilitation procedures include:

- drill holes are capped to stop local fauna falling down the holes

- backfilling trenches to support rehabilitation

- lining tailing ponds with earth to soak up spillage or lining it to prevent seepage

- ripping: soil is ripped to allow tree roots to penetrate through the soil and so that water can percolate through

- backfilling: holes/trenches are filled and contoured to give a natural slope

- top soil return: original soil that was removed upon extraction is replaced to ensure that seedlings can regenerate without introduced diseases or germs stunting growth

- planting seeds

- weeding

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Q: What can a mining company do to help the environment when an open - cast mine is no longer economic?
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