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Basically, the main problem with logging is increased erosion and sedimentation, or the washing of soils into streams and rivers. When there is rainfall, trees help control infiltration of the rain into the ground, absorbing much of the water into the canopy and controlling the rate at which the remaining rain reaches the ground. The roots of the trees and other vegetation also help stabilize the soil, preventing excessive washing of topsoil into adjacent streams. But when an area is logged, these protective features are diminished or lost, allowing soil to be washed into the streams at accelerated rates. This is a problem because excessive soil in streams chokes out streams, destroys habitat, smothers aquatic communities, and increases the risk of uncontrolled flooding, among other effects.

The worst type of logging is clear cutting, wherein a whole stand of trees is removed, clearing a wide area. Rain can fall on these areas and mobilize tons of soil in a heavy storm. But even selective, light logging can be a problem if logging roads have to be cut into the forest, since it is know that logging roads alone can lead to serious erosion problems.

There are some engineering solutions that can help mitigate soil erosion from logging. But in the quest to tame nature through engineering, I would bet on nature in the long run.

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