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Rockets burn different fuels and so will produce different pollutants. The late space shuttle's main engine used hydrogen as a fuel so the only direct product was water, though of course if the exhaust produced is hot enough it can cause the formation of nitrogen oxides if it passes through air. Other engines burn hydrazine which can react in different ways but typically mainly produces nitrogen and either hydrogen or water. The soyuz rockets in use today (2016) burn hydrocarbon mixtures which are chemicallly similar to petrol (gasoline) and so produce the same pollutants: carbon dioxide and monoxide, nitrogen oxides. Sulfur compounds are removed from hydrocarbons for this use, so sulfur dioxide is unlikely. Inefficient combustion and side reactions can also make particulates. It is worth remembering that the number of rocket launches is so small that the pollution they produce is insignificant compared to aircraft.

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