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While Northerners were renewed in their belief that the war would soon end, the largest riots in American history broke out in New York City. The riots were in response to the the implementation of the Union's conscription laws in March of 1863. The riots began in this Democrat controlled city on July 13, 1863. Many believed the Union's draft laws were unfair. Here is some background on the insurrection:

A. Many Democrats in the North opposed the Union's incursions on the Constitutional rights of Union citizens. President Lincoln had suspended many rights on the basis that in wartime exceptional steps were needed to win the war;

B. The draft was due to the fact that voluntary Northern enlistments were waning and to maintain the military strength of the Union a draft was required;

C. The draft laws were seen as totally inconsistent with American values in that a person could escape the draft by giving the Union a $300 exemption pass;

D. The other way for Northerners to avoid the draft was to find another person to take the draftee's place;

E. Irish Catholic immigrants in New York City could not afford the $300; and

F. The draft riots were crushed by Lincoln who sent 20,000 Union troops from Gettysburg to quell the rioters with gunfire.

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